IN THE INDUSTRIAL COURT OF SWAZILAND 

HELD AT MBABANE 

CASE NO. 135/04

In the matter between

SELBY SHABANGU 				APPLICANT

And

THE SWAZILAND GOVERNMENT 		1st RESPONDENT

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL 			2nd RESPONDENT

CORAM:

NKOSINATHI NKONYANE 			: ACTING JUDGE DAN MANGO : MEMBER

GILBERT NDZINISA				 : MEMBER

S.V. MDLADLA 					: FOR APPLICANT

H. NDZIMANDZE 				: FOR RESPONDENTS

JUDGEMENT -1 JULY 2004

This is an urgent applicant instituted by the Applicant against the 1st Respondent. The matter first appeared before court on the 26th May 2004. On the 14th June 2004 though the Respondent's attorney was not in court, the court was told that the parties have agreed that the matter be argued on the 17th June 2004.

During the arguments on the 17th June 2004 the Respondents' attorney did not address the question of urgency. The court will assume therefore that the Respondents were no longer challenging the urgency of the matter.

The court will proceed to deal with the matter on the basis that urgency is not being challenged.

The facts of the matter are that the Applicant is a teacher in the employ of the 1st Respondent. On the 12th August 2002 he entered into an In-Service Bonding Agreement with the 1st Respondent. In terms of the agreement the Applicant was granted leave of absence from the employer, the 1st Respondent, from August 2002 to May 2006 for the sole purpose of attending a course called Bachelor of Education (Secondary) at the University of Swaziland. The Bonding Agreement is annexed to the Applicant's application.

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In terms of Clause 3 of the Agreement, the Employer undertakes to pay the whole of the fees for the course and all necessary and incidental expenses including passages from and to Swaziland where applicable.

In Clause 10 the following appears " Except as varied by this agreement the contract shall remain in full force and effect". The Respondent failed to pay the course fees for the academic year 2002/2003. The Applicant filed an urgent application to force the 1st Respondent to comply with the Bonding Agreement. This court indeed granted an order on the 6th March 2003 directing the 1st Respondent to conform to the Bonding Agreement that the parties entered into. The court order is marked "C". The 1st Respondent thereafter paid a sum of E18,452.00 to the University of Swaziland. In terms of annexure "D" of the Book of Pleadings that amount was for academic year August 2002 to May 2003 "and was in compliance with the court order".

The present application has been brought because again the 1st Respondent has failed to pay the course fees for the academic year 2003/2004.

The 1st Respondent is resisting the payment of the course fees on behalf of the Applicant as per the Bonding Agreement. It was argued on behalf of the 1st Respondent that the Agreement was entered into in error. It was argued that the 1st Respondent was under the impression that the Applicant was going to pay for the course fees on his own. The court was referred to a Memorandum dated 10th July 2002 and marked "AG1".

The Memorandum was from the Principal Secretary Ministry of Education to the Principal Secretary Ministry of Public Service and Information. In paragraph 3 of the Memorandum appears the following:

"We recommend your approval in granting Shabangu study leave (without scholarship) with pay considering his length of service of over eight years in the system. Following your approval, we recommend that he be bonded on the ground that Government is spending on him while he is at the University,"

The author of this memorandum is not the Applicant. There is no indication that a copy thereof was made to the Applicant. The memorandum is an inter-ministerial communication between two Principal Secretaries. There was no confirmatory affidavit by B.S. Ndlovu who signed the memorandum, confirming the contents thereof.

The argument on behalf of the 1st Respondent is that a different form should have been signed by the parties and not the one that was infact signed. It was

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argued on behalf of the 1st Respondent that the form that should have been signed was the one that says "study leave with pay-without scholarship."

It was argued on behalf of the 1st Respondent that the error was iustus. The 1st Respondent's argument is however not supported by authority.

R. H. Christie in his book "The Law of Contract in South Africa" (2001) 4th edition at page 366 has this to say on this subject;

"However material the mistake, the mistaken party will not be able to escape from the contact if his mistake was due to his own fault. This principle will apply whether his fault lies in not carrying out the reasonably necessary investigations before committing himself to the contract i.e. failure to do his homework; in not bothering to read the contract before signing; in carelessly misreading one of the terms; in not bothering to have the contract explained to him in a language he can understand; in misinterpreting a clear and unambiguous term; and in fact in any circumstances in which the mistake is due to his own carelessness or inattention for he cannot claim that his error is iustus."

Clearly in this matter there was carelessness or inattention on the part of the Government official who signed the document in that he did not bother to read the contract before signing. The carelessness or inattentive on the part of the Government official who signed might also have been caused by the Memorandum from the Principal Secretary of the Ministry of Education. The words in the third paragraph thereof to the effect that:

"......Following your approval, we recommend that he be bonded on the ground

that Government is spending on him while he is at the University'' (my underlining).

might have led to the Government official to blindly sign the Bonding Agreement without reading the contents thereof and without considering if that document was the right one to deal with in the circumstances of the case. Christie on the same page already referred to above goes on to say,

"If the mistake cannot be shown to be iustus it will be ignored."

The court will accordingly come to the conclusion that it has not been shown that the mistake was just. The mistake was clearly due to carelessness and inattentive on the part of the Government official who signed the Bonding Agreement. Had the Government official read the contract he would have

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realized that Government was binding herself to pay the whole of the course fees as it appears under Clause 3 thereof.

It was not argued that the contract was written in a language that the Government official did not understand.

The court will therefore come to the conclusion that the 1st Respondent is not entitled in law to resile from the contract.

The application will therefore succeed and the following order is made:

1.	The 1st Respondent is to pay fully the course fees for the Applicant at the University of Swaziland for the remaining years of the course in terms of the Bonding Agreement
2.	The 1st Respondent is to forthwith pay fully the course fees for the academic year 2003/2004 on or before the 6th July 2004 to enable the Applicant to obtain his results.
3.	The 1st Respondent is to pay all necessary and incidental expenses of the Applicant in terms of the Bonding Agreement.
4.	The 1st Respondent is to pay the Applicant during the course a salary in accordance with Establishment Circular Number 2 of the 1994.
5.	The 1st Respondent is to pay costs of the Application.

The members agree,

NKOSINATHI NKONYANE 

ACTING JUDGE - INDUSTRIAL COURT

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